Abstract: Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, which induces a chronic, inflammatory reaction in the affected tissues (most commonly the ovaries, the peritoneal cavity and fallopian tubes). The precise mechanisms by which endometrial tissue reaches these ectopic locations are still unknown. The pathogenic hypotheses developed so far are controversial, although the most cited theory is that of retrograde menstruation. Other additional pathogenic factors are immunologic
abnormalities, peritoneal dysfunction and endometrial disorders. The aim of this paper is to provide updated information about the modern possibilities of the treatment in endometriosis, based on the basic pathogenic
mechanisms of the disease. In our opinion, treatment must be individualized and the therapeutic options should be examined in the light of the presenting symptoms and associated infertility. Another aspect to be considered is the impact of the disease as well as the effect of
its treatment on the quality of life. Keywords: endometriosis, pelvic pain,
infertility, hormonal treatment, surgical
treatment